amino acid - ορισμός. Τι είναι το amino acid
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Τι (ποιος) είναι amino acid - ορισμός

ORGANIC COMPOUND CONTAINING BOTH AMINO AND ACIDIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, IMPORTANT IN BIOLOGY
Amino acids; Amino Acid; Aminoacid; Aminoacids; Amino-acid; Amino Acids; Alpha amino acid; Alpha-amino acid; Amino acids, sulfur; Receptors, amino acid; Nonbiological amino acid; Artificial amino acid; Amino acid catabolism; L amino acid; Hydrophobic residues; Amino acides; Amino-acids; ATC code B05BA01; ATCvet code QB05BA01; Amino acid breakdown; Amino acid degradation; Amino acid alphabet; Codon alphabet; 1-letter amino acid notation; 1 letter amino acid notation; One-letter amino acid notation; Alphabetical amino acid notation; One letter amino acid notation; Amino acid alphabetical notation; Amino acid alphabet notation; Amino acid notation; Standard amino acid notation; L-amino acid; Sulfur-containing amino acids; Α-amino acid; Amino acid abbreviations; Aminoacyl; Residue (amino acid); One-letter amino acid code; Amino acid code; Three-letter amino acid code
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  •  publisher = Saunders Elsevier }}</ref>
<br/>* ''Glucogenic'', with the products having the ability to form [[glucose]] by [[gluconeogenesis]]
<br/>* ''Ketogenic'', with the products not having the ability to form glucose. These products may still be used for [[ketogenesis]] or [[lipid synthesis]].
<br/>* Amino acids catabolized into both glucogenic and ketogenic products.
  • alt=Diagram showing the relative occurrence of amino acids in blood serum as obtained from diverse diets.
  • Functional groups found in histidine (left), lysine (middle) and arginine (right)
  • Structure of a generic L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" form needed for defining a systematic name, without implying that this form actually exists in detectable amounts either in aqueous solution or in the solid state.
  • alt=Two amino acids are shown next to each other. One loses a hydrogen and oxygen from its carboxyl group (COOH) and the other loses a hydrogen from its amino group (NH2). This reaction produces a molecule of water (H2O) and two amino acids joined by a peptide bond (–CO–NH–). The two joined amino acids are called a dipeptide.
  • physiological pH (7.4)]]
  • alt=For the steps in the reaction, see the text.
  • Composite of [[titration curve]]s of twenty proteinogenic amino acids grouped by side chain category

amino acid         
[?'mi:n??, ?'m??n??]
¦ noun Biochemistry any of a class of about twenty simple organic compounds which form the basic constituents of proteins and contain both a carboxyl (?COOH) and an amino (?NH2) group.
amino acid         
(amino acids)
Amino acids are substances containing nitrogen and hydrogen and which are found in proteins. Amino acids occur naturally in the body.
N-COUNT: usu pl
Amino acid         
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most prevalent are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins.

Βικιπαίδεια

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha amino acids appear in the genetic code.

Amino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups, as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids; other categories relate to polarity, ionization, and side chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acid residues form the second-largest component (water being the largest) of human muscles and other tissues. Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. It is thought that they played a key role in enabling life on Earth and its emergence.

Amino acids are formally named by the IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature in terms of the fictitious "neutral" structure shown in the illustration. For example, the systematic name of alanine is 2-aminopropanoic acid, based on the formula CH3−CH(NH2)−COOH. The Commission justified this approach as follows:

The systematic names and formulas given refer to hypothetical forms in which amino groups are unprotonated and carboxyl groups are undissociated. This convention is useful to avoid various nomenclatural problems but should not be taken to imply that these structures represent an appreciable fraction of the amino-acid molecules.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για amino acid
1. Taurine, an amino acid, is listed specifically alongside caffeine in the list of ingredients.
2. "The amino acid supplements would most likely be more effective if combined with daily exercise.
3. The clysis which contains 14 kinds of amino acid including leucine, isoleucine and valine promotes the composition of muscular protein, increases the protein composition in liver and controls the rise of plasma and aromatic amino acid.
4. In starvation times, however, the cell needs all the amino–acid–capturing machinery it can get.
5. And the amino acid cysteine, which is released from chicken during cooking, can thin mucus.